Descifrando el fenómeno de los acaparamientos de tierras en el marco de la Unión Europea:

Deciphering the phenomenon of land grabbing within the framework of the European Union respuestas jurídico-políticas e incidencia de la producción de los biocombustibles

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Adriana Fillol Mazo
José Soriano García
Resumen

Cuando se habla de acaparamientos de tierras, o de problemas en torno a la tierra, realmente no se piensa en que éste sea un fenómeno que se está produciendo también en el interior de la UE, más bien pensamos sobre todo en otras partes del mundo, como en el Sur Global, en Estados Latinoamericanos o en África. No obstante, la realidad es que en Europa hoy en día, la concentración de tierras bajo explotaciones cada vez más grandes controladas por menos manos (como resultado, en parte, del acaparamiento de tierras y de la reducción del acceso a la tierra para los pequeños productores de alimentos), se está acelerando. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es ofrecer un análisis jurídico, social y político general del fenómeno del acaparamiento de tierras, sobre todo de las tierras agrícolas, dentro de la UE, haciendo una presentación de los principales retos jurídicos y políticos que se plantean ad intra. También nos centraremos en el análisis de ciertas Directivas Europeas que tienen incidencia en la política de la Unión sobre los biocombustibles y por tanto también en los posibles acaparamientos de tierra ad extra que se realicen en el marco de la Unión Europea.


 


Los temas presentados en este trabajo son complejos y multidisciplinares por lo que se pueden abordar desde diferentes perspectivas, sin embargo, hemos tenido en cuenta, para acortarlo al objeto de estudio, la base de los acaparamientos de tierras en el marco del derecho de la Unión Europea. En este sentido, el método científico que ha sido empleado es el jurídico-sociológico, en la medida en que es el que consideramos más apropiado para el enfoque multidisciplinar. Este método consiste en analizar el estado actual de las normas y la interrelación entre las posibles fuentes jurídicas, pero teniéndose en cuenta los elementos sociales, económicos, políticos e históricos que permiten explicar la eficacia, fundamentación y aplicabilidad de las normas. Para la elaboración de este trabajo también se ha requerido el empleo de técnicas metodológicas muy variadas, como el análisis social y jurídico, la deducción e inducción jurídica, la descripción y la interdisciplinariedad.


 

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