Español The civilian population in the spotlight: information war and citizen manipulation. An approach from International Law
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Disinformation campaigns are one of the most widely used tools in modern hybrid conflicts, which replace the conventional force to other technological means, although the consequences can be similar. They target citizens but states pay the consequences. Some international organizations maintain that we live in a state of information warfare, in which so-called fake news has become one of the most recurrent methods for these non armed conflicts. In 2022 at the latest, citizens will consume more invented than real news, designed to direct public opinion against their own institutions, by altering the will expressed in the elections. We are facing a new bloodless warfare with enormous repercussions for global stability, a challenge that demands new responses. To what extent does so-called fake news endanger world peace and security? Should a new category of non-armed conflict be introduced? And the most elementary of all, are we in a situation of war or peace?
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