Constitutional control of the State of emergency and decrees issued in Colombia during the year 2020 with the occurrence of Covid-19 and the violation of fundamental rights
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On this research article addresses the issue related to the declaration of the State of Economic, Social and Ecological Emergency and the Legislative Decrees issued in Colombia in 2020 due to the pandemic caused by Covid-19. According to this situation, the Constitutional Court exercised prior and automatic control of 115 Legislative Decrees issued during the State of Exception and declared numerous unenforceability. The main objective of the article is the analysis of the Constitutional Court judgments which the 115 Legislative Decrees are reviewed, to determine the existence of any Fundamental Rights violation. This article was developed under an analytical-descriptive approach, since the characteristics of the States of Emergency are detailed; in a way which the Court exercises constitutional control (formal and material) is mentioned; and all the jurisprudence of the Court through which constitutional control is exercised is analyzed in detail. All of the above is done, to finally reach the conclusion that indeed some of the Legislative Decrees violated fundamental rights such as the right to culture, national identity, equality, work, among others.
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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
I. Cifuentes, E. (2002). Los Estados de Excepción Constitucional en Colombia. Revista Ius et Praxis, 8(1), 117-146. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-00122002000100009
II. Correa, M. C. (2015). Evolución de los Textos Constitucionales sobre Estados. Revista CES Derecho, 6(2), pp. 22-45. https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/derecho/article/view/3660/2440
III. Gil, P. P. (2011). La Constitución colombiana y los estados de excepción: veinte años después. Revista Derecho del Estado, (27), pp. 261-290. https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/view/3020/2664
IV. Guzmán, H. D. (2020). Los Estados de Excepción en Colombia y la aplicación del control de Constitucionalidad. Un análisis de la emergencia social producto del COVID 19. Repositorio Digital Institucional Universidad CES. https://repository.ces.edu.co/bitstream/10946/4902/1/1037641242_2020.pdf
V. Meléndez, F. (1997). Los Derechos Fundamentales en los Estados de Excepción según el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos. https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/2213/
VI. Moncada, J. C. (1995). Principios rectores de los estados de excepción. Posibilidades de control judicial. Estudios De Derecho, 54(125-6), pp. 69-89. https://revistas.udea.edu.co/index.php/red/article/view/332356
VII. Ortegón, L. G. (2010). Los estados de excepción y su control judicial en Colombia. (Tesis de maestría).
VIII. Rey, J. G. (2008). El control constitucional en Colombia a partir de la Constitución de 1991. Revista VIA IURIS (4), pp. 63-74. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2739/273921002004.pdf
IX. Tobón, M. L., & Mendieta, D. (2017). Los estados de excepción en el régimen constitucional colombiano. Revista Opinión Jurídica, Volumen 16 (Número 31) pp. 67-88: https://doi.org/10.22395/ojum.v16n31a3
X. Villegas, M. G., & Uprimny, R. (2015). ¿Controlando la excepcionalidad permanente en Colombia? Una defensa prudente del control judicial de los estados de excepción. https://www.dejusticia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fi_name_recurso_198.pdf
REFERENCIAS JURISPRUDENCIALES
XI. CConst, C-004/1992, M.P. E. Cifuentes Muñoz (Corte Constitucional 7 de mayo de 1992).
XII. CConst, C-179/1992, M.P. C. Gaviria Diaz (Corte Constitucional 13 de abril de 1994).
XIII. CConst, C-802 de 2002, M.P. J. Córdoba Triviño (Corte Constitucional 2 de octubre de 2002).
XIV. CConst, C-254 de 2009, M.P. N. Pinilla Pinilla (Corte Constitucional 2 de abril de 2002).
XV. CConst, C-156 de 2011, M.P. M. González Cuervo (Corte Constitucional 9 de marzo de 2011).
XVI. CConst, C-216 de 2011, M.P. J. C. Henao Pérez (Corte Constitucional 29 de marzo de 2011).
XVII. CConst, C-184 de 2020, M.P. J. F. Reyes Cuartas (Corte Constitucional 17 de junio de 2020).
XVIII. CConst, C-193 de 2020, M.P. G. E. Ortiz Delgado (Corte Constitucional 24 de junio de 2020).
XIX. CConst, C-201 de 2020, M.P. A. Linares Cantillo (Corte Constitucional 25 de junio de 2020).
XX. CConst, C-242 de 2020, M.P. L. G. Guerreo Pérez, C. Pardo Schlesinger (Corte Constitucional 9 de julio de 2020).
XXI. CConst, C-258 de 2020, M.P. A. J. Lizarazo Ocampo (Corte Constitucional 23 de julio de 2020).
XXII. CConst, C-330 de 2020, M.P. D. Fajardo Rivera (Corte Constitucional 20 de agosto de 2020).
XXIII. CConst, C-378 de 2020, M.P. D. Fajardo Rivera (Corte Constitucional 2 de septiembre de 2020).
XXIV. CConst, C-409 de 2020, M.P. L. J. Moreno Ruiz (Corte Constitucional 17 de septiembre de 2020).
XXV. CConst, C-459 de 2020, M.P. R. S. Ramírez Grisales (Corte Constitucional 21 de octubre de 2020).
REFERENCIAS NORMATIVAS
XXVI. Constitución Política de Colombia. Const, 1886. Art 121.
XXVII. Constitución Política de Colombia. Const, 1991. Art 93; 212; 213; 215.
