Dengue en el Servicio de Urgencias: Puntos de buena práctica clínica
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El dengue es una enfermedad viral transmitida a los humanos principalmente por mosquitos del género Aedes, en particular
Aedes aegypti. Originario de áreas tropicales y subtropicales, su prevalencia ha aumentado drásticamente en las últimas
décadas, convirtiéndose en una preocupación de salud pública global. La infección puede ser asintomática o manifestarse
con una amplia variedad de síntomas. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, puede evolucionar a formas más graves, que se
asociación a una importante morbimortalidad si no se tratan adecuadamente. El virus del dengue tiene cuatro serotipos
distintos (DEN-1-DEN-4). Una infección proporciona inmunidad de por vida contra ese serotipo en particular, pero no contra
los otros. Además, esta descrito que una infección previa puede incrementar el riesgo de desarrollar las formas graves de
la enfermedad si la persona es infectada nuevamente por un serotipo diferente. Actualmente, no existe un tratamiento
específico para el dengue, siendo el manejo clínico centrado en aliviar los síntomas, detección de paciente con riesgo de
presentar formas graves y manejo oportuno de las misma. Las estrategias de prevención incluidas las vacunas se muestran
como una medida valiosa para reducir el impacto del dengue en las comunidades afectadas.
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