Differentiated thyroid cancer, surgical management
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
PDF (Español (España))
FLIP
HTML (Español (España))
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine neoplasia; however, it only causes 1% of all human cancers. According to its histology and biological behavior they are divided into well-differentiated and non-differentiated. Surgical management options of well-differentiated cancer include almost total, total, subtotal thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy plus isthmectomy. Extension and kind of surgery is still under controversy. Complications related to surgery are directly proportional to the surgery extension and inversely proportional to the surgeon´s experience, including bleeding, operation site infection, seroma, nerve injury, hyperparathyroidism, post surgical bleeding and airway obstruction. This article reviews the therapeutic options in surgical management of thyroid cancer.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Pacini, F., Schlumberger, M., Dralle, H. et al. 2006. European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium. European Journal of Endocrinology 154:787-803.
Shaha, AR. 2005. Advances in the management of thyroid cancer. International Journal of Surgery 3:213-220.
Deandrea, M., Gallone, G., Veglio, M. et al. 1997. Thyroid cancer histotype changes asobserved in a major general hospital in a21-year period. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 20:52-58.
Lind, P., Langsteger, W., Molnar, M. et al. 1998. Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in iodine sufficiency. Thyroid 8:1179-1183.
Sosa, J. A. and Udelsman, R. 2006. Total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Journal of Surgical Oncology 94:701-707.
Ferlay, J., Bray, F., Globocan. 2000. Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence. Worldwide. Version 1.0. Lyon, France. IARC Press. 2001.
Pineros, M., Pardo, C., Cantor, L., Hernández, G., Martínez, T. et al. 2002. Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Registro institucional de cáncer del instituto nacional de cancerología, Empresa social del estado. Resultados principales, año 2001. Revista Colombiana de Cancerología 6:4-49.
Hundahl, S.A., Fleming, I.D., Fremgen, A.M. et al. 1998. A National Cancer Data Base report on 53,856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the US. Cancer 83:2638-2648.
Cady, B., Rossi, R.L. 1991. Undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphoma of thyroid gland. In: Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. Cady B, Rossi RL (Eds). WB Saunders, PA, USA 179-186.
Sosa, J.A., Bowman, H.M., Tielsch, J.M., Powe, N.R., Gordon, T.A., Udelsman, R. 1998. The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy. Annals of Surgery 228(3):320-330.
Acun, Z., Cihan, A., Ulukent, S.C. et al. 2004. A randomized prospective study of complications between general surgery residents and attending surgeons in near total thyroidectomies. Surgery Today 34(12):997-1001.
Manolidis, S., Takashima, M., Kirby, M., Scarlet, M. 2001. Thyroid surgery: a comparison of outcomes between experts and surgeons in training. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg 125(1):30-33.
Dackiw, A., Zeiger, M. 2004. Extent of surgery for differentiated thyroid cancer. Surgery Clinics of North America 84:17-832.
Cady, B., Rossi, R. 1988. An expanded view of risk-group definition in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 104:947-953.
Hay, I.D., Grant, C.S., Taylor, W.F. et al. 1987. Ipsilateral lobectomy versus bilateral lobar resection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome using a novel prognostic scoring system. Surgery 102:1088-1095.
Greene, F.L., Page, D.L., Fleming, I.E. et al. (Eds). 2002. American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (6th Edition). Springer-Verlag, NY, USA 77-87.
Udelsman, R., Shaham, A. 2005. Is total thyroidectomy the best possible surgical management for well-differentiated thyroid cancer? Lancet Oncology 6:529-531.
Kebebew, E., Clark, O.H. 2000. Differentiated thyroid cancer: “complete” rational approach. World Journal of Surgery 24:942-951.
Dackiw, A.P., Clark, O.H. 2003. Bilateral thyroidectomy: indications and technique. In: Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. Randolph GW (Ed.). WB Saunders, PA, USA 284-291.
Jossart, G.H., Clark, O.H. 1994. Welldifferentiated thyroid cancer. Current Problems in Surgery 31:933-1012.
Shaha, A.R. 2004. Implications of prognostic factors and risk groups in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Laryngoscope 114:393-402.
Shaha, A.R., Shan, J.P., Loree, T.R. 1997. Lowrisk differentiated thyroid cancer: the need for selective treatment. Annals of Surgical Oncology 4:328-333.
Dionigi, G., Dionigi., R, Bartalena., L, Boni., L, Rovera., F, Villa., F. 2006. Surgery of lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer. Expert Review of Anticancer Ther 6(9):1217-1229.
Arem, R., Onativa, A., Saliby, AH. et al. 1999. Thyroid microcarcinoma: prevalence, prognosis, and management. Endocrine Practice 5:148-156.
Baloch, Z., LiVolsi, A. 2006. Microcarcinoma of the thyroid. Advances in Anatomic Pathology 13(2):69-75.
Ramirez, A., Gibelli, B., Tradati, N., Giugliano, G. 2007. Surgical management of thyoridcáncer. Expert Review of Anticancer Ther 7(9): 1023-1214.
Salvadori, B., Del Bo, R., Pilotti, S. et al. 1993. ‘Occult’ papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: a questionable entity. European Journal of Cancer 29A:1817-1820.
Bramley, M.D., Harrison, B.J. 1996. Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid gland. British Journal of Surgery 83:1674-1683.
Harach, H.R., Franssila, K.O., Wasenius, VM. 1985. Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. A “normal” finding in Finland. A systematic autopsy study. Cancer 56:531-538.
Ito, Y., Tomoda, C., Uruno, T. et al. 2004. Papillary microcarcinoma of thyroid. How should it be treated? World Journal of Surgery 28:1150-1121.
Ito, Y., Miyauchi, A. 2007. A therapeutic strategy for incidentally detected papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 3(3):240-248.
Bergamaschi, R., Becouarn, G., Ronceray, J., Arnaud, J.P. 1998. Morbidity of thyroid surgery. The American Journal of Surgery 176:71-75.
Zarnegar, R., Brunaud, L., Clark, O.H. 2003. Prevention,evaluation and management of complications following thyroidectomy forthyroid carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 32:483-502.
Kennedy, T.L. 2003. Surgical complications ofthyroidectomy. Operative techniques in otolaryngology-head and neck. Surgery 14(2):74-79.
Bellantone, R. et al. 2001. Is the identification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve mandatory in thyroidoperation? Results of a prospective randomized study. Surgery 130:1055-1059.
Jatzko, GR., Lisborg, P.H., Muller, M.G. et al. 1994. Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operation-principal nerve identificationand a literature review. Surgery 115:139-144.
Al-Suliman, N.N., Ryttov, N.F., Quist, N. et al. 1997. Experience in a specialist thyroid surgery unit: a demographic study, surgical complications, and outcome. European Journal of Surgery 163:13-20.
Kalky, M.I., Weber, R.S. 1993. Complications ofsurgery of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Surgical Clinics of North America 73:307-320.
Sturniolo, G., D’Alia, C., Tonante, A. et al. 1999. The recurrent laryngeal nerve related to thyroid surgery. The American Journal of Surgery 177:485-188.
