Hardware Implementations based on Radio Direction Finding
Implementaciones en Hardware de técnicas de Radiogoniometría
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
PDF (Español (España))
FLIP
HTML (Español (España))
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
This paper presents a survey and a comparison between different radio direction finding implementations, leading to identify the best option for implementation of this feature in spectrum management activities for developing countries. The implementations analyzed include classic techniques like Pseudo-Doppler and advanced high-resolution techniques like MUSIC. Different hardware alternatives to implement the algorithms are presented, including SDR (Software Defined Radio), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and DSP (Digital Signal Processing). Also some hybrid configurations are included, where software and hardware are combined aiming to optimize time and cost resources. Finally some commercial applications are shown. These use angle of arrival, time difference of arrival and other parameters for triangulation or trilateration purposes.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Abusultan, M., Harkness, S., LaMeres, B. & Huang, Y.,2010. {FPGA} implementation of a {B}artlett direction of arrival algorithm for a 5.8ghz circular antenna array. s.l., s.n., pp. 1-10.
Arai, H. & Ichige, K., 2005. Hardware Implementation of Smart Antenna Systems for High Speed Wireless Communication. International Union of Radio Science, Proc. Of Gernal Assemblies.
Bahamondes, R., 2009. Digital Signal Processing. Tecnología Digital y Microprocesadores {@ONLINE}. s.l.:s.n.
Balogh, L. & Kollar, I., 2003. Angle of arrival estimation based on interferometer principle. s.l., s.n., pp. 219-223.
EMT, F., 2004. RIMAX-A Flexible Algorithm for Channel Parameter Estimation from Channel Sounding Measurements.
Ettus, R., 2015. Ettus USRP N210. s.l.:s.n.
Fan, W., tao, G. H., Lin, Z. & xiang, S. Y., 2011. Hardware Implementation of {MUSIC} Algorithm for Airborne Digital Direction Finding System. s.l., s.n., pp. 1-4.
Fette, B. A., 2006. Cognitive Radio Technology. s.l.:Communications Engineering Series.
Garcia, A., Mendez, A. & Gonzalez, J., 2007. Fuzzy System for {DOA} Estimation in Mobile Communications using a {FPGA}. s.l., s.n.,pp. 14-14.
Gross, F., 2015. Smart antennas with matlab: principles and applications in wireless communication. s.l.: McGraw-Hill Professional.
Guerin, D., Jackson, S. & Kelly, J., 2012. A Phase Interferometry Direction Finding System for an Airborne Platform, s.l.: s.n.
Harter, N. M., 2007. Development of a single-channel direction finding algorithm.
Hou, S.-Y., Chang, S.-H., Hung, H.-S. & Chen, J.-Y., 2009. {DSP}-Based Implementation of a Real-Time {DOA} Estimator for Underwater Acoustic Sources. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 17(4), pp. 320-325.
Hua, M.-C.y otros, 2011. Direction-of-arrival estimator using array switching on software defined radio platform. s.l., s.n., pp. 2821-2824.
Hua, M.-C., Hsu, C.-H. & Liu, H.-C., 2012. Implementation of direction-of-arrival estimator on software defined radio platform. s.l., s.n., pp. 1-4.
Inserra, D. & Tonello, A. M., 2014. A multiple antenna wireless testbed for the validation of {DoA} estimation algorithms. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, #jan#, 68(1), pp. 10-18.
ÍPek, A. V., 2006. Implementation of a Direction Finding Algorithm on an {FPGA} Platform, s.l.: s.n.
ITU, 2011. Recomendación ITU-T K.83 Monitoring field strengths of electromagnetic fields, Ginebra: s.n.
ITU, s.f. Spectrum Management System for Developing Conuntries. En: s.l.:s.n.
Jamali, M. y otros, 2007. {DSP} Based Implementation of Direction of Arrival for Wideband Sources. s.l., s.n., pp. 475-480.
Juncai, S., Wenzhuo, G. & Shu, Z., 2008. An improved method of {DOA} estimation based on {QR} decomposition and its {DSP} implementation. s.l., s.n., pp. 189-195.
Keaveny, J. J., 2005. Analysis and Implementation of a Novel Single Channel Direction Finding Algorithm on a Software Radio Platform.
Kim, M. & Arai, H., 2004. Real-time smart antenna system incorporating {FPGA}-based fast {DOA} estimator. s.l., s.n., pp. 160-164, Vol. 1.
Kim, M. & Ichige, K., 2004. Implementation of {FPGA} Based Fast Unitary {MUSIC DOA} Estimator. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics, E87-C(9),pp. 1485-1494.
Kim, M., Ichige, K. & Arai, H., 2003. Implementation of {FPGA} based fast {DOA} estimator using unitary {MUSIC} algorithm [cellular wireless base station applications]. s.l., s.n., (1), pp. 213-217.
LaMeres, B. y otros, 2011. Design and test of {FPGA}- based direction-of-arrival algorithms for adaptive array antennas. s.l., s.n., pp. 1-8.
Li, Q. y otros, 2013. A hardware design for time delay estimation of {TDOA}. s.l., s.n., pp. 1-3.
Lounici, M., Luan, X. & Saadi, W., 2013. Implementation of {QR}-decomposition based on {CORDIC} for unitary {MUSIC}. Fifth International Conference on Digital image Processing, Volumen 8878.
Lounici, M. W. & Luan, X. M., 2013. Implementation of Unitary {MUSIC} Algorithm Using {X}ilinx {S}ystem {G}enerator. Advanced Materials Research, Aug, Volumen 748, pp. 629-633.
Majid, M. W., Schmuland, T. E. & Jamali*, M. M., 2013. Parallel implementation of the wideband {DOA} algorithm on single core, multicore, {GPU} and {IBM} cell {BE} processor. Science Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, Volumen 2, pp. 29-36.
MEDAV, 2015. KCS 8000 MEDAV. s.l.:s.n.
Miao, S. W. & Ying, Z. J., 2009. Research and {FPGA} Implementation of {MUSIC DOA} of Smart Antenna Array. s.l., s.n., pp. 189-192.
Navarro, A., s.f. Presentación del proyecto: Desarrollo de Capacidades Tecnológicas en Comprobación Técnica del Espectro. s.l.:s.n.
Peng, H., Yang, Z. & Yang, T., 2012. Design and implementation of a practical direction finding receiver. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Volumen 32, pp. 157-167.
Roxin, A.-M., Gaber, J., Wack, M. & Moh, A. N. S., 2007. Survey of wireless geolocation techniques. s.l., s.n., 9 pages.
Series, S., 2011. Comparison of Time-Difference-of- Arrival and Angle-of-Arrival Methods of Signal Geolocation.
Stieber, M. C. E., 2012. Radio Direction Finding Network Receiver Design for Low-Cost Public Service Applications, s.l.: s.n.
Tayem, N., Omer, M. & Abul Hussain, A., 2014. Hardware Implementation of MUSIC and ESPRIT on NI-PXI Platform. s.l., s.n., pp. 329-332.
Tayem, N. y otros, 2013. Hardware Implementation of a Proposed {QR-TLS} {DoA} Estimation Method and {MUSIC}, {ESPRIT} Algorithms On {NIPXI} Platform. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Volumen 45, pp. 203-221.
Thanh, H. T., Ha, T. N. & Van Yem, V., 2013. Novel direction finding algorithm based on phase locked loop with low computational complexity. s.l., s.n., pp. 437-442.
Treiber, M., juhn, T. K. & Utschick, W., s.f. {DSP}- Implementation of a High-Resolution Parameter Estimating Scheme.
UIT, 2011. Manual de Comprobación Técnica del Espectro, Ginebra: Union Internacional de Telecomunicaciones, Oficina de Radiocomunicaciones: s.n.
Utschick, W., Treiber, M., Kurpjuhn, T. & Nossek, J., 2000. Comparison of two {DOA} tracking implementations for {SDMA}. s.l., s.n., (1), pp. 358-362.
Van Trees, H. L., 2004. Detection, estimation, and modulation theory, optimum array processing. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons.
Vandana, M., Rani, S. & Badrinath, 2012. Radar Emitter Location Simulation and Implementation on {FPGA}. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), Oct. Volumen 2.
Wang, H. & Glesner, M., 2006. Hardware implementation of smart antenna systems. Advances in Radio Science, Volumen 4, pp. 185-188.
Wenke, L., liang, J. & Chenxin, M., 2005. {DOA} estimation of {CDMA} signals and the realization utilizing {TMS320}. s.l., s.n., pp. 561-564.
XILINX, s.f. Field Programmable Gate Array {@ONLINE}. s.l.:s.n.
Yao, B. y otros, 2008. Real-Time Implementation of Multiple Sub-array Beam-Space {MUSIC} Based on {FPGA} and {DSP} Array. s.l., s.n., pp. 186-191.
Yaqoob, A., Farooq, U., Abbas, G. & Asad, M. U., 2011., Efficient Hardware Implementation Of ESPIRIT like Algorithm for Range Estimation Of Chirp Spread Spectrum. International Journal Of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 3(0).
Zekavat, R. & Buehrer, R. M., 2011. Handbook of position location: Theory, practice and advances. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons.
Zekavat, S. y otros, 2007. A novel implementation of doa estimation for node localization on software defined radios: Achieving high performance with low complexity. s.l., s.n., pp. 983-986.
Zhou, L. y otros, 2012. Design and implementation of equilateral triangle array digital direction finding system. Electronics Express, 9(13), pp. 1102-1108.
Zou, Z., Hongyuan, W. & Guowen, Y., 2006. An Improved {MUSIC} Algorithm Implemented with High-speed Parallel Optimization for {FPGA}. s.l., s.n., pp. 1-4.
