Ketamine: State of the art
Ketamina: Estado del arte
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
PDF (Español (España))
FLIP
HTML (Español (España))
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Purpose. The use of ketamine was never limited to the specialty of anesthesia. Even in its origins, it was more important its pure analgesic effect rather than the anesthetic effect. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on ketamine and its use in different scenarios, aimed at general practitioners, pre hospital personnel and anesthesiologists. Findings. Despiteit was used as a recreational drug, and is considered as having harmful effects upon the Central Nervous System (CNS), nowadays it is used for the management of acute postoperative pain and chronic pain, which makes this drug a versatile pharmacological tool that has a positive impact on one of the most frequent symptoms in the inpatient and outpatient medical consultation: pain. Methodology. A narrative review was developed under the following terms; MesH ketamine, pain, sedation and analgesia on databases like PubMed between 1985 and 2011. Outcome. It was possible to obtain scientific support in the literature to define fundamental aspects of ketamine therapy, not only in the specialty of anesthesiology but also in all those medical practices involved in pain control.
Downloads
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Aroni F, Iacovidou N, Dontas I, et al. Pharmacological aspects and potential new clinical applications of ketamine: reevaluation of an old drug. J ClinPharmacol 2009; 49:957-964.
Rakid, M. Golembiewski, J. Low-Dose Ketamine Infusion for Postoperative Pain Management. Journal of Peri Anesthesia Nursing, Vol 24, No 4 (August), 2009: pp 254-257.
Angst MS, Clark JD. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: A qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:570-587.
Wilder-Smith OHG, Arendt-Nielsen L. Postoperative hyperalgesia; its clinical importance and relevance. Anesthesiology. 2006; 104: 601-607.
Schmid, R. Sandler, A. Use and efficacy of low- dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: a review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain 1999; 82 111-125.
Price DD, Mayer DJ, Mao J, Caruso FS. NMDA-receptor antagonists and opioid receptor interactions as related to analgesia and tolerance. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000; 19: 7-11.
Chizh B. Low dose ketamine: a therapeutic and research tool to explore N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated plasticity in pain pathways. J Psychopharmacol 2007; 21:259-271.
Carstensen, M. Moller, BM. Adding ketamine to morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for acute postoperative pain: a qualitative review of randomized trials. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2010;104: 401-6.
www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/ucm299547.htm
Miller, R. Miller Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone; 2009;742-747.
Olivard T, Laird JMA. Efectos diferenciales del bloqueo de los receptores. de NMDA en los reflejos nociceptivos somáticos y viscerales. Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor 2000.7:291-300.
Lois F, De Kock M. Something new about ketamine for pediatric anesthesia? CurrOpinAnaesthesiol 2008; 21:340-344.
Wu GJ, Chen TL, Ueng YF, et al. Ketamine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 gene expressions in lipo polysaccharide-stimulated macrophages through suppression of tolllike receptor 4-mediated c- Jun N- terminal kinase phosphorylation and activator protein-1 activation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 228:105-113.
De Kock MF. Lavand'homme PM. The clinical role of NMDA receptor antagonists for the treatment of postoperative pain.Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2007; 21:85-98
Machado-Vieira R, Salvadore G, Diazgranados N. Ketamine and the next generation of antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. Pharmacol Ther 2009;123:143-150
Phillips GD, Cousins M. Neurological mechanisms of pain and the relationship of pain, anxiety, and sleep. En MJ Cousins, GD Phillips. Acute pain management. New York: Churchill Livingstone.1986: 21-48
Visser E, Schug SA. The role of ketamine in pain management. Biomed Pharmacother 2006; 60:341-348
Elliott K, Minami N, Kolesnikov YA, Pasternak GW, Inturrisi CE. The NMDA receptor antagonists, LY274614 and MK-801, and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine, attenuate analgesic tolerance to the mu-opioid morphine but not to kappa opioids. Pain 1994;56:69e75
Torrent A. Ketamina, cuando lo viejo se convierte en algo nuevo. 12 febrero 2010 en Farmacología, Formación GATIV, GATIV. http://anestesiar.org/2010/ketaminacuando-lo-viejo-se-convierte-en-algonuevo/Accedido en febrero de 2013.
Sinner B, Graf BM. Ketamine.Handb Exp Pharmacol 2008; 182:313-333.
White PF, Ham J, Way WL, Trevor AJ. Pharmacology of ketamine isomers in surgical patients. Anesthesiology 1980;52:231e239.
Mathisen LC, Skjelbred P, Skoglund LA, Oye I. Effect of ketamine, an NMDA receptor inhibitor, in acute and chronic orofacial pain. Pain 1995;61:215e220
Pfenninger EG, Durieux ME, Himmelseher S. Cognitive impairment after small-dose ketamine isomersin comparison to equianalgesic racemic ketamine in human volunteers. Anesthesiology 2002;96:357e366
Sigtermans M, Dahan A, Mooren R, et al. S(+)-ketamine effect on experimental pain and cardiacout put: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling study in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology; 111(4): 892-903, 2009 Oct.
Fallon MT, Bray C, Boyd A, et al. A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group study, comparing oral racemic ketamine and Sketamine in the treatment of cancer-related neuropathic pain.[abstract]. Palliat Med 2008;22:440.
Persson J, Hasselstrom J, Maurset A, et al. Pharmacokinetics and nonanalgesic effects of S- and R-ketamines in healthy volunteers with normal and reduced metabolic capacity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 57:869-875.
Restrepo JG, Garcia-Martin E, Martinez C, et al. Polymorphic drug metabolism in anaesthesia.Curr Drug Metab 2009; 10:236-246.
Capel MM, Jenkins R, Jefferson M, et al. Use of ketamine for ischemic pain in end-stage renal failure. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008; 35:232-234.
Capel MM, Jenkins R, Jefferson M, et al. Use of ketamine for ischemic pain in end-stage renal failure. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008; 35:232-234.
Jantzen JP. Cerebral neuroprotection and ketamine. Anaesthesist; 43 Suppl 2: S41-47,1994 Nov.
Hudetz JA, Pagel PS. Neuroprotection by Ketamine: a review of the experimental and clinical evidence. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth; 24(1): 131-42, 2010 Feb.
Himmelseher S, Durieux ME. Revising a dogma: ketamine for patients with neurological injury? Anesth Analg 2005;101:524-534.
Hudetz JA, Pagel PS. Neuroprotection by ketamine: a review of the experimental and clinical evidence. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24:131- 142
Yaksh TL, Tozier N, Horais KA, et al. Toxicology profile of N-methyl-Daspartateant agonists delivered by intrathecal infusion in the canine model. Anesthesiology 2008; 108:938-949
Green SM, Cote CJ. Ketamine and neurotoxicity: clinical perspectives and implications for emergency medicine. Ann Emerg Med 2009; 54:181-190.
Morgan CJ, Muetzelfeldt L, Curran HV. Consequences of chronic ketamina selfadministration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1-year longitudinal study. Addiction 2009;105:121-133.
Narendran R, Frankle WG, Keefe R, et al. Altered prefrontal dopaminergic function in chronic recreational ketamine users. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:2352-2359.
Idem referencia 34.
El Shobary HM, Sonbul ZM, Schricker TP. Epidural ketamine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly. Middle East J Anesthesiol 2008; 19: 1369-1378.
Mayell A, Natusch D. Anosmia: a potential complication of intranasal ketamine. Anaesthesia 2009; 64:457-458.
Tsai T-H, Cha T-L, Lin C-M, et al. Ketamineassociated bladder dysfunction. Int J Urol 2009; 16:826-829.
Giannini AJ, Underwood NA, Condon M. (2000) Acute ketamine intoxication treated by haloperidol: a preliminary study. Am J Ther 2000;7:389e391
Benitez-Rosario MA, Feria M, Salinas-Martin A, et al. A retrospective comparison of the dose ratio between subcutaneous and oral ketamine. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003; 25:400-402.
Finch PM, Knudsen L, Drummond PD. Reduction of allodynia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome: a doubleblind placebo-controlled trial of topical ketamine. Pain 2009; 146 (1-2):18-25.
Heidari SM, Saghaei M, Hashemi SJ, et al. Effect of oral ketamine on the postoperative pain and analgesic requirement following orthopedic surgery.Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2006; 44:211-215.
Christensen K, Rogers E, Green GA, et al. Safety and efficacy of intranasal ketamine for acute postoperative pain. Acute Pain 2007; 9:183-192.
Chong C, Schug SA, Page-Sharp M, et al. Development of a sublingual/oral formulation of ketamine for use in neuropathic pain: preliminary findings from a three-way randomized, crossover study. Clin Drug Investig 2009; 29: 317.
Canbay O, Celebi N, Uzun S, et al. Topical ketamine and morphine for posttonsillectomy pain.Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25:287-292.
Canbay O, Celebi N, Uzun S, et al. Topical ketamine and morphine for posttonsillectomy pain.Eur J Anaesthesiol 2008; 25:287-292.
Lauretti, Rocha G., Márcio M., Mattos A., y col. Avaliação clínica e laboratorial da cetaminatransdérmica, do fentaniltransdérmico, da clonidinatransdérmica-ousuasassociaçõesnadorlombarcrônica / Evaluación clínica y de laboratorio de cetaminatransdérmica, del fentanyltransdérmico, de la clonidinatransdérmica o de sus asociaciones en el dolor lumbar crónico / Theclinical and laboratorialevaluation of transdermalketamine, fentanyl, clonidineortheircombination in chroniclow back pain Coluna/Columna; 8(4): 434-440, Oct-Dec. 2009.
Morris C, Perris A, Klein J, et al. Anaesthesia in haemodynamically compromised emergency patients: does ketamine represent the best choice of induction agent? Anaesthesia 2009; 64:532-539.
Halliday NJ. J Craniofac.Malignant hyperthermia. Surg. 2003; 14(5):800-802.
Hudetz JA, Patterson KM, Iqbal Z, et al. Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J CardiothoracVasc Anesth.2009; 23:651-657.
Pruss H, Holtkamp M. Ketamine successfully terminates malignant status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2008; 82 (2-3):219-222.
Bell Rae F, Dahl Jørgen B, Moore RA, et al. Perioperative ketamine for a cute postoperative pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004603.pub2.
Subramaniam K, Subramaniam B, Steinbrook RA. Ketamine as adjuvant analgesic to opioids: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2004; 99:482-495.
Idem referencia 8.
Svenson JE, Abernathy MK. Ketamine for prehospital use: new look at an old drug. Am J Emerg Med 2007; 25:977-980.
Bredmose PP, Lockey DJ, Grier G, et al. Prehospital use of ketamine for analgesia and procedural sedation. Emerg Med J 2009; 26:62-64.
Malchow RJ, Black IH. The evolution of pain management in the critically ill trauma patient: emerging concepts from the global war on terrorism. Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 346-S357.
Singh R, Batra YK, Bharti N, et al. Comparison of propofol versus Propofolketamina combination for sedation during spinal anesthesia in children: randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. PaediatrAnaesth 2010;20:439-444
Patil S, Anitescu M. Efficacy of Outpatient Ketamine Infusions in Refractory Chronic Pain Syndromes: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis. Pain Medicine 2012; 13: 263-269.
Bell RF. Ketamine for chronic non-cancer pain. Pain 2009;141:210-214
Echeverry P, Rodriguez P, Rivera D y otros. Protocolo de sedación en niños paramédicos No Anestesiólogos. Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Mayo 2011. http://es.calameo.com/read/001024357d0ac0445a32a
