Clinical characterisation of nephrotic syndrome in children in Neiva Caracterización clínica del síndrome nefrótico en infantes de Neiva

Abstract

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic glomerular disease more commonly found in children. The United States has an annual incidence of 2.0 to 2.7 cases per 100,000 children and an accumulated prevalence of 16 per 100,000. The department of Huila, Colombia lacks up-to-date information that would allow the establishment and standardisation of clear objectives in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease in the paediatric population. Equipment and Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Nephrotic Syndrome in children treated at Neiva's Hospital Universitario between March 2011 and December 2013. The information was collected by reviewing clinical records. 67 patients with a confirmed diagnosis were included. Results. The average age of onset was 46 months (0-175 months) and patients were mainly male (53.7%). 19% showed cortical resistance, the most common disease was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (60%). High blood pressure at the beginning, or during follow-up, haematuria, hypocomplementemia and persistent dyslipidaemia are associated with cortical resistance (P < 0.01). Changes in the anthropometric measurements of height and weight were analysed in the patients at the beginning and at the end of the follow-up (P < 0.01). Conclusion. Nephrotic Syndrome is a common disease in the region of Neiva and the presence of cortical resistance and the progression to chronic kidney disease and death is also seen. Therefore, early diagnosis, treatment and timely follow-up is imperative in order to avoid complications in the future.