Hemophagocytic lynfohistocytosis
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Hemophagocytic syndrome is a rare clinical entity whose early diagnose is difficult to establish. It has a multifactorial etiology and its presentation is that of a severe and highly fatal disease. This is a 26-month child case report, with prolonged fever associated with pancytopenia and organomegaly rapidly growing during the patient’s progress. Several hemoderivatives transfusions were performed without improvement. Infectious diseases such as toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis, as well as myelo or lymphoproliferative diseases were discarded. Diagnosis from secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis to infection by Epstein-Barr virus was established and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids with satisfactory outcome. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to common agents in our environment like infection by the Epstein-Barr virus needs to be considered among the causes of prolonged fever.
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