Sangrado mayor en paciente adulto. Testigo de Jehová
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El sangrado mayor (SM) se define como la pérdida de la volemia en un período de tiempo inferior a 24 horas o la pérdida del 50% de la volemia en un lapso de tiempo inferior a 3 horas en un individuo previamente sano. Teniendo en cuenta la firme posición a rechazar cualquier transfusión de sangre o sus componentes por parte de los Testigos de Jehová, el manejo del sangrado mayor en ellos es un reto ya sea en los servicios de urgencias o de cirugía, con serias repercusiones éticas y legales. El anticiparse al sangrado mayor en Testigos de Jehová permite instaurar acciones preventivas al choque hipovolémico. Para el tratamiento de pacientes Testigos de Jehová con sangrado mayor, se proponen metas terapéuticas que incluyen la realización de intervenciones hemostáticas o farmacológicas durante el tratamiento quirúrgico y en el posoperatorio, plantear metas hemodinámicas y de ventilación mecánica apropiadas. Se hace una revisión narrativa de la literatura de los últimos 10 años y se exponen las acciones preventivas, las metas terapéuticas y las diferentes intervenciones de las que se dispone actualmente para enfrentar el SM.
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